Download PDF The Water Footprint of Modern Consumer Society, by Arjen Y. Hoekstra
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The Water Footprint of Modern Consumer Society, by Arjen Y. Hoekstra
Download PDF The Water Footprint of Modern Consumer Society, by Arjen Y. Hoekstra
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Water is not only used in the domestic context, but also in agriculture and industry in the production of commercial goods, from food to paper. The water footprint is an indicator of freshwater use that looks at both direct and indirect use of water by a consumer or producer. The water footprint of an individual, community or business is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce the goods and services consumed by the individual or community or produced by the business.�
This book shows how the water footprint concept can be used to quantify and map the water use behind consumption and how it can guide reduction of water use to a sustainable level. With a number of case studies, it illustrates water use along supply chains and that water consumption at one place is often linked to water use at another. For example, it is calculated that it takes 15,000 litres of water to produce 1 kg of beef, or 8,000 litres of water to produce a pair of jeans. The book shows that imports of water-intensive products can highly benefit water-scarce countries, but also that this creates a dependency on foreign water resources.�
The book demonstrates how water-scarce regions sometimes, nevertheless, use lots of water for making export products. It raises the issue of sustainable consumption: how can consumers, businesses and governments get involved in reducing the water footprints of final consumer goods?
- Sales Rank: #584559 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Routledge
- Published on: 2013-05-04
- Released on: 2013-03-19
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.21" h x .51" w x 6.14" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 224 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
'How much water do we really use, as individuals and society? Until recently, we didn't really know, but the concept of the "water footprint" – developed and analyzed by Arjen Y. Hoekstra (and his colleagues) – has revolutionized our understanding of our water use. Hoekstra's compelling and informative book is a vital contribution to the desperately needed public debate over how best to move to sustainable water management, use, and policy. It deserves to be read by anyone concerned about the planet’s freshwater resources.' – Dr. Peter H. Gleick, president and co-founder of the Pacific Institute and creator of The World’s Water book series�
‘Over the next 20 years the global demand for water is expected to exceed supply by 40% with dire consequences for our planet. Professor Hoekstra’s meticulously researched book uses the concept of water footprinting – in ways that make it easy to understand just how much water plays a central part in our everyday lives – as a means of helping to manage and reduce water consumption. It is a timely contribution to an increasingly urgent debate.’ – Paul Polman, CEO Unilever�
'No concept has done more to show the role of water in our lives. For too long, water has been mismanaged because it was invisible. The water footprint concept has helped us see how water flows through our lives and economies – and what we value, we protect.' – Stuart Orr, Freshwater Manager, WWF International�
'The importance of water in the consumer goods sector is clear. As a result, many companies in this sector not only recognize the value of water stewardship strategies in managing the issue of "social license to operate", but also as an important framework in supporting a "license to grow". Without adequate supplies of water, this sector will likely face challenges in meeting their growth strategies. This contribution by Professor Hoekstra advances our understanding of the role of water in the consumer goods sector and can move us closer to addressing water scarcity and sustainable consumption and move towards a Circular Economy.' – Will Sarni, Director and Practice Leader, Enterprise Water Strategy, Deloitte Consulting LLP
'The Water Footprint of Modern Consumer Society� is worthy of the highest recommendation especially for college and university library collections' – James A. Cox, Midwest Book Review
"The book is clear and concise and very well researched. It is an excellent read for anyone interested in the impact of our modern lifestyle." ― Sarah Morris, Sherkin Comment
"Hoekstra provides detailed case studies of various products, starting with cola with its input of sugar, caffeine etc along with cans, packaging, labels and transport pallets. In addition, there is the water footprint of the factory itself." – David Lorimer, Network Review
About the Author
Arjen Y. Hoekstra is Professor in Water Management at the University of Twente in the Netherlands, creator of the water footprint concept and co-founder of the Water Footprint Network. He specializes in integrated water resources planning and management, river basin management and policy analysis.
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Must read book for those involved in water management
By Margaret C. Stout
Arjen Hoekstra in this book has produced a masterful overview of the unique challenge water management and consumption poses mankind. Points I took away as I read:
- Consumer demand drives water use. The dollars/yen/euros individuals spend will determine how water is used and misused.
- While water itself isn't transferred, the products produced by water are traded globally, resulting in "virtual" water flows. This "hidden" water allows consumers to demand products without insight into the environmental and human costs borne by producers and their local ecosystems.
- When we presume that 20% of all fresh water may be used solely for human needs, the water available per individual is 1190 cubic meters per year (860 gallons per day) based on today's population of 7.1 billion people.
- The average US consumer buys/eats products that require 2,842 cubic meters per year to produce (2055 gallons per day). The excess 1200 gallons per day are consumed at the expense of the environment and peoples of the world (e.g., drought kills more people per year than any other natural disaster).
The chapters cover:
1) An introduction to the the challenges associated with assessing water footprints, and why water management/conservation is such a difficult problem.
2) The hidden water in the beverages we drink. Production of a hypothetical quart of soda, for example, requires 333 quarts of water, of which 50% is for the vanilla flavoring, 30% is for caffeine, and 15% is for sugar.
3) Water used for grain production, discussing the impact of nitrogen fertilizer on polluting water, and how the bread baskets of temperate nations are used to feed those in Africa and other equatorial nations.
4) The environmental cost of using animal sources for protein from a water standpoint, particularly meat and dairy. "Obviously, it is not in the immediate interest of an economic sector to be recognized as the number-one contributor to the water footprint of humanity..." The water cost of bovine meat is nearly four times as much per gram of protein as milk or eggs. The water cost of cow milk and eggs in turn is four times greater than soy milk (without vanilla and sugar added, that is).
5) Cotton consumes a huge amount of water, and the Soviet Union's use of the Aral Sea and its tributaries to produce cotton and wheat has destroyed what was once the fourth largest sea in the world.
6) The water cost of energy for transportation is significant. Though it is not currently possible to fuel certain vehicles purely with bio-energy (excepting fossilized bio-energy), biking, walking, and electric forms of transport are orders of magnitude more efficient per unit distance traveled than planes, trains, and automobiles. Eventually, crops for bio-energy displace crops for food.
7) A detailed case study of cut flowers grown in Kenya's Lake Naivasha illustrates how complex local water issues can be, and how minor fees on the consumer side (e.g., an additional 1 cent per flower) can raise a hundred times as much funding for implementing water reform and efficiencies than taxing farmers on the production side.
8) Supply chain analysis of water use in paper production shows that the operational water footprint is negligible, though that is the quantity companies can measure and take great pride in mitigating. A 5 gram piece of standard A4 (8.5 x 11) office paper requires anywhere from 2,000 to 20,000 grams (up to 5 gallons) of water, depending on the wood source and the amount of recycled paper used to create the paper.
The last several chapters explore the sustainable production limits of each river basin, and how governments and businesses can determine the most wise allocation of production across time and space to maximize the amount of production across the globe without fundamentally destroying ecosystems. This section of the book is the most valuable for effecting governmental policy and legislative change, yet is also the most difficult to summarize in pithy sound bites. Professor Hoekstra and his colleagues have clearly thought long and hard about how to explain and advocate for the changes their scientific research leads them to believe are necessary.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Amazingly useful
By In the Sticks
This book has very usable data and clear conclusions. The occasionally fractured English is charming without ever making the meaning ambiguous. A huge contribution to water knowledge for academics and consumers, alike.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Useful tool to trace water in our economies
By F�tima Campos Garc�a
WaterFootprint is a modern tool to measure the amount of water embodied in our consumptions; an interesting focus to appreciate unsustainability ones more!
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